A countless number of proteins including growth factors receptors, and cytokines play a pivotal role during the onset and exacerbation of numerous human diseases including cancer, autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.1

Of these proteins, extracellular and membrane-associated proteins represent around 40% of human proteome and they play diversified roles including signal transduction, cell adhesion, cell-cell interaction, and solute transport. Accordingly, the vast majority (ca. 60%) of current therapeutic approaches; such as small molecule inhibitors, oligonucleotide agents and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targets the membrane-associated proteins with the aim of altering the disease-associated downstream signalling pathway.2 However, drug resistance, limited specificity and the inaccessibility of certain binding-pocket sites are the major limitations associated with the current therapies.